SAVED
File name
.JPG
File alt. text
Image should be
px wide x
px tall.
Select Image
Select Image
L
O
G
I
N
EXISTING USERS
NEW USERS
password:
Forgotten your password?
password:
LOG IN
REGISTER
The Gastroenterology Training Handbook
For Specialist Registrars
HOME
OESOPHAGUS
•Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disease
•Oesophageal Cancer
•Oesophageal Dysmotility
•Benign Oesophageal Lesions
•Miscellaneous
•Dysphagia
STOMACH
•Obesity Surgery
•Clinical Presentations of Gastric Conditions
•Gastric Cancer
•Gastric Polyps and Masses
•Peptic Ulcer Disease
•Gastritis and Gastropathy
•Miscellaneous
SMALL BOWEL
•Coeliac Disease
•Small Bowel Infections
•Small Bowel Masses
•Miscellaneous
COLON
•Colorectal and Anal Cancer
•Diagnostic Pathways for Colonic Disease
•Colonic Vascular Disorders
•Anal Diseases
•Various Colitides
•Colonic Motility Disorders
•Miscellaneous
•Colonic Infection
LIVER
•Alcohol
•Liver Failure
•Miscellaneous
•Ascites
•Bilirubin Metabolism
•Vascular Problems
•Clinical Presentations
•Liver Masses
•Hepatitis B
•Hepatitis C
•Autoimmune Conditions
•Metabolic Conditions
•Treatments
•Various Viruses
•Hepatopulmonary Disorders
•Liver Imaging
BILIARY
•Gallstone Disease
•Biliary Cancers
•Biliary Parasites
•Miscellaneous
NUTRITION
•Nutrition Therapy
•Minerals
•Proteins, Fats and Sugars
•Vitamins
•Clinical Conditions and Nutrition
PANCREAS
•Pancreatitis
•Pancreatic Masses and Cysts
•Pancreatic Cancers
•Other
IBD
•Epidemiology
•IBD Diagnosis
•Extra Intestinal Manifestations
•Surgery
•Treatment
MISCELLANEOUS
•Bleeding
•Rheumatological Disease
•Infection
•Vascular Lesions
•Other
home -
Liver -
Miscellaneous -
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Presentation
search
Ask a question in the forum
Written by Dr Sebastian Zeki
MCQs for this page
What the Curriculum Says
Knowledge
Recognises the importance of sepsis as a complication
Aware of the differential diagnosis and management of sepsis and its
possible sequelae
Knows the appropriate use of the appropriate antibiotics and their
complications Aware of prevention of nosocomial infection
Skills
Understands the principles and practice of diagnosis and treatment of
sepsis
Behaviours
Prepared to involve and liaise with specialist sepsis support
Also....
Knowledge
Knows the importance of clinical nutrition and its disturbances in
patients with acute and chronic liver disease
Appreciates indications for enteral or parenteral support and
understanding of limitations of these interventions
Skills
Shows ability to make careful nutritional assessment
Behaviours
Can liaise with nutritional support team where appropriate
Also...
Knowledge
Understands prognostic scoring systems including Child - Pugh
MELD UKELD Maddrey and disease-specific scoring systems where
they exist
Skills
Builds the use of accredited quantitative scoring systems into routine
clinical liver practice clinical colleagues and junior staff
Behaviours
Shows consistent application of evidence-based in the
evaluation of liver disease and the determination of prognosis
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Presentation
View large version
Embed image
paste this code into your webpage / blog to share.
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
AAT
Written by Dr Sebastian Zeki
Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency- Clinical Presentation
Other manifestations:
Vascular problems.
Intrcranial haemorrhages/ fibr
-
muscular dysplasia.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Risk Factors For Emphysema:
Cigarette smoking (esp PiSZ).
Dusty occupational exposure.
A parental history of COPD.
Personal history of Chronic bronchitis
/ Asthma/ Pneumonia.
MZ causes no
CLD
unless have
other liver conditions (eg ETOH)
Glomerulonephritis
Membranoproliferative type is
rarely associated with PI*ZZ
phenotype.
IgA
nephropathy
occurs in one
third of cirrhosis as kuppfer cells
can't clear IgA.
PiZZ
Neonatal
hepatitis
with
cholestasis
up to 12
months
25%
11%
25%
25%
25%
Liver disease in
adults
Beyond childhood,
individuals with at-risk
alleles may develop
adult-onset cirrhosis
or hepatocellular
carcinoma.
Adult onset cirrhosis
can often occur
without antecedent
childhood liver
disease.
Liver disease is caused by
pathologic polymerization
of the variant AAT in the
rER, resulting in intrahe
-
patocyte accumulation of
AAT molecules, rather than
a proteolytic mechanism
(=Z-type molecules) .
So no liver disease in
PI*Null-Null individuals
Hepatocytes that stain positively with periodic acid-
Schiff (PAS) reagent but resist digestion by diastase.
Mechanism
unknown
Need a second hit
to explain why
only some PiZZ
get damaged
livers- second hit is
unknown
-Development of cirrhosis between
age 6m and 17 years, often causing
death from complications of end-
stage liver disease.
-Histologic evidence of cirrhosis but
with survival through the first decade
with few sequelae.
-Persistent elevation of
LFTs without cirrhosis.
PIZZ causes panacinar emphysema in about 60%
Resolution of hepati
-
tis by ages 3 to 10
without hepatomeg
-
aly or
splenomegaly.